Disability & Ability

Camera work- shot types, movement & angles: 

Firstly there is a aerial view shot used that straight away establishes the difference between the disabled character and the able bodied character. This is because the aerial shot allows the viewers to see the two separate sides of the room, the disabled characters side of the room has a number of children toys, very messy and is very brightly coloured, whereas the able bodied character has a very plain, clean and tidy side of the room. A pan camera movement is used to show the able bodied boy's feelings and reaction towards his disabled brother. Following this a close up is used of the disabled brother, this instantly allows the viewers to notice he has Down syndrome from his facial features. An extreme close up follows the close up, the extreme close up shows the disabled boy to be in his own world and suggests that he cannot interact properly with able bodied people. After this a number of medium close ups are used that show the disabled son is treated different compared to the able bodied son, this is shown through the disabled son being able to do anything he likes and get away with it. There is a close up of the able son showing him to begin to realise he is being treated different. The able bodied son being treated different is supported when the following close up shoes the mum kissing and saying goodbye to her disabled son but not to her able son. Shortly after there is a medium close up of the disabled son at school he is portrayed to be very scared while waiting for his brother, this allows the viewers to see the disabled characters vulnerability. A number of close ups are then used at the end of the disabled brother on the bus on his own, he is shown to be very scared and lonely, this shows that he constantly needs looking after and isn't used to being on his own. 

Editing:  

A cross dissolve is used to show two shots at the same time, this shows the relation and link between the two different shots. A number of eye line matches are used throughout the clip, the main one at the beginning of the clip shows the able bodied son looking down on his disabled brother, this shows that the able bodied son has a higher status because his brother has a disability. There are a number of montage black and white images used to show the able boys thoughts. There is a shot reverse shot used during a conversation at the end of the clip this helps keep continuity of the conversation. During the conversation about going to a party the disabled brother is just standing by the side on his own, this shows that he isn't invited and as he is disabled cannot do normal activities that other normal teenagers/characters of his age do. 

Sound:

In the clip diegetic,non-diegetic, asynchronous and synchronous sounds are used.

The narration throughout the whole clip shows an able bodied characters perspective of person with a disability. The speech of the disabled boy instantly shows that he has a disability because he is unable to speak properly like his able bodied brother. There is also a variety of background music used to portray different atmospheres, a sounds effect of an explosion is used. When the able bodied boy says his disabled brother is like "a big potato with eyes" he is suggesting that he's not really human and he's not always there mentally. 

Mise-en scene: 

The setting of the clip being partly a school shows that the disabled character has quite a normal life as normally children with a disability are not associated in normal schools. However throughout the clip the able bodied son is looking after the disabled son, therefore portraying him as a baby because he always needs looking after, have a babysitter. The lighting at the start if the clip in the aerial view shot is very gloomy & dark, this helps portray the negative feelings of the able bodied son towards his disabled brother. The decor in the disabled brothers side of the room is very brightly coloured and has a variety or drawings/posters on the wall, this suggests that the disabled sons disability makes him stay a baby/ act like a child. The props used, such as: children toys also portrays the disabled son to act like a child and not have the ability to act his age. The costume worn by the disabled character is very messy and untidy, this suggests that he can not look after himself or dress himself as he does not have the ability to do so. The clip suggests that people with disabilities do not fit in with able bodied people as the media generally portrays them to be different. 

Overall the clip generally portrays ability and disability through the disabled son not being the 'norm' as he is having to be looked after constantly whereas the able bodied son is portrayed to have is own mind and ability to look after himself.n

Section B - Sket

Media section b (sket) from sophbennett1234

Digital Technology

•  What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences? You should focus on FILM but you may make reference to other media such as: Music, Newspapers, Radio, Magazines or Video games.

The development of digital technology has a massive significance for media institutions and audiences. 

Production:

New digital technology such as: digital cinemas affects film institution,  within the production stages (pre-production, production & post-production)in both positive and negative ways. Shooting on digital has three main advantages. These are: The cost of shooting digitally are a lot lower than shooting on film, the whole process of shooting digitally is easier and after shooting you can review the footage to make sure you got the shot you wanted. On the other hand there is a disadvantage to shooting digitally. This is that the digital image is not as good quality as when a film shot on film is shown for the first time. However the more the film shot on film is shown the quality of it decreases as it gets damaged through the process of the film being rewound over and over again and shown through a projection. Whereas digital films will stay the same quality.

 

The development of 3D films has a positive impact on the production stages. This is because a lot of the audience will not be able to consume the films in 3D at home so will be forced to consume them in cinemas or imax cinemas. This then makes more profit/money for the production companies. Many production companies have to rely on computer software because due to the development of technology a number of films are now computer generated. For example: Toy Story. Toy Story was released in the UK during 1995. The production budget of Toy Story was $30,000,000. The domestic opening weekend gross was $29,140, 617. Box Office gross was $191, 780, 865. The worldwide Box Office gross was $364, 530, 148. Making a total profit of 

$555, 451, 630.

 

The development of new technology allows production companies to used a wide range of new special affects, such as: The Green Screen. This is when actors/actresses are shot in front of a green screen allowing production companies to edit the shot by putting them on a different background to make the actors/actresses do something that wouldn't normally be done. For example: Flying.   

Distribution: 

Due to the development of films being distributed by computer files, there are advantages and disadvantages for film institutions. The advantages are: The cost of distributing the films are lower & the process of distribution is a lot faster with the access to the internet, compared to driving tins of film to cinemas. The main disadvantage of films being distributed by files is that it is easier for hackers to get hold of the files which then leads to illegal downloading of the films.

The development of new technology affects the marketing process in a very positive way, in terms of being able to advertise the films in a variety of different ways. For example: with the development of the internet, trailers of the films are shown all around the world to make a buzz for the film and create the 'must see' feeling. Due to the many different ways of advertising the film using technology the 360 degree method is used. This is where advertising/marketing of a film hits the audience from every angle/direction, meaning everywhere you look or go the film is advertised to make you want to consume it. With new technology films can also be advertised on the radio, interviews with the main actors or even in a magazine. Technological convergence is a positive for the marketing process of films because it allows the films to be advertised over a variety of different technology such as on the internet vier YouTube. This allows the trailers to be watched anywhere and by anyone at any time which therefore could suggest that more people will want to consume the film witch will benefit production companies and exhibitioners. 

Exhibition: 

The changes within the exhibition process, due to digital technology affects film institutions in a negative way. This is because the changes of technology allows there to be a higher risk of piracy as it is easier to copy the films by recording them on smart phones while watching at cinemas. To prevent piracy from happening there is a common release date for films to be released at the same time, worldwide. Also another negative is that it is very difficult and expensive to change cinemas to digital. Another point is that not many people go to the cinema anymore to consume films because the development of technology allows then to consume them from home. 

Audience:

Constant development of new digital technology has a positive affect on audiences. This is mainly due to the vase majority of ways films can be consumed. For example: YouTube, LoveFilm, Television, X-boxes, Tablets, Smart Phones, DVD & Apps. As there is so much choice for the audiences to consume films there is no need for them to go to the cinemas and it works out cheaper because there are ways of downloading films for free which will save money. As a result of LoveFilm as a new technology the audience can consume new released films from at home on the internet, television or smart phone. Technological convergence is when different technology is used to do the same thing, for example: the development of online websites, such as YouTube allows the audience to consume trailers of all the different films, this is a positive for audiences as it will let them know if the film is worth consuming or not. 


The development of 3D films impacts the audience because it means they will have to go to 3D cinemas or imax cinemas to consume a 3D film. 3D televisions are now available, meaning that 3D films can now be consumed at home. However in order to consume the 3D films the audience will need a 3D telly, 3D classes and a 3D DVD in order to be consumed.   

Harry Brown (Section B)

Harry brown(section b) from sophbennett1234

Gender

Comment on the representation of GENDER,

• Mise-en scene
• Editing
• Sound
• Camera work

Throughout the clip the representation of Gender is shown through different editing techniques. Eye-line matches are used a number of times. For example at the very beginning of the clip there is a eye-line match between the women and the man in the suit. During this eye-line match the man is shown to be masculine as he is portrayed as dominate. A flashback is also shown in the clip which uses the montage editing technique. During this flashback the women is portrayed to have a masculine role because she controlling the way people are thinking about the doctor. However just before this flashback there is a cross dissolve of the women shown to be struggling. This shows her feminine side because the stereotypical women cannot cope in tough situations. Straight cuts are also used to show one scene and then another one at a quick pace to keep the viewers attention. While the women is telling the story there is a shot reverse shot used while in conversation. The women is portrayed to be dominate as everyone is listening to her she becomes masculine. 

Mise-en scene is also used in various ways to show the representation of gender throughout the clip. The costume worn by the man is a suit which is stereotypically worn by a masculine man. Therefore this instantly makes the viewers assume he is masculine. Whereas the women are wearing dresses they are portrayed to have a feminine role. However the main women character isn't wearing a dress which could suggest she has a masculine side to her. The prop used by the man character which is the doctors sonic pen shows he is masculine because he is in control and has the power. Make-up is also used to show the female characters are feminine because stereotypically feminine women wear make-up. The lighting used is very bright throughout the whole clip which could suggest the main man character is not masculine because in a stereotypical masculine film the lighting would be very dark and mysterious. The setting of this clip being shown as a space ship lookalike portrays a masculine stetting as space is associated with men. Throughout the clip personal distance is shown between all the characters. This could suggests that they all have a feminine side because they are not brave enough/masculine enough  to create intimate distance. The body language of the male character at the beginning is shown to be very confident. Therefore this portrays him to be very masculine. The main female character is also shown to be quite masculine when she starts laughing at the male character. This is because she is shown to be very brave which is associated with masculinity. The doctor being stuck in a cage shows that he is vulnerable which is stereotypically a convention of feminine characters. 

  

Another way of showing the representation of gender is through the use of sound. Throughout the clip diegetic, non-diegetic, asynchronous and synchronous sounds are used. The diegetic and synchronous sound used in the clip is the dialogue/speech. The deep, loud voices portray the characters as masculine, whereas the quite, sweet voices portray the characters as feminine. Also through the characters speech you can hear when they become scared or unsettled which shows a feminine side. There are a number of non-diegetic and asynchronous sounds used. For example the background music throughout the clip which changes when the atmosphere becomes tense. The exaggeration of the footsteps in the clip creates a masculine feel as it also creates a tense atmosphere, meaning something is about to happen. The sound effects used such as the ticking clock creates suspense for the audience and also the laugh which shows masculinity as it is a women laughing which shows she is brave in this situation. 

Camera work is used through shot types, angles and movement to show the representation of gender. At the very beginning there is a medium long shot of the female character showing her fear. This shows her to be feminine as she is portrayed to be scared. There is a long shot of the doctor in the cage which allows the viewer to see his venerability. Therefore showing him to be feminine as the stereotypical women is venerable. There is also an over the shoulder shot used showing the male character looking at the clock. This shows him to be masculine as it shows the control he has in the situation. Shortly after this there is a master shot showing where the action is taking place. There is also a close up of the girl laughing at the male character. This shows her to be brave therefore showing she has a masculine side to her. A medium close up is used to show the male character becoming stressed, this portrays him as feminine because a stereotypical convention os a feminine women is stress/cannot cope in difficult situations. A medium close up is used during the flashback to show the women struggling this portrays her as feminine because she cannot cope. During the flashback there is also a medium close up used of the people listening to the girl when speaking, this shows she is masculine because she is controlling what the people are thinking. It also shows her to be dominate. A high angle is used when showing the male character. This therefore portrays him as masculine because he is of a higher level than the other characters. A lower angle is used to show the women which then shows she's of a lower level than the male character. This shows that the man is dominate and the girl is subordinate. There is a overhead angle used when showing the doctor in the cage this also shows his feminine side as he is shown to have no control over the situation. This then changes when there is a high angle showing the original masculine male character now looking up at the doctor. Therefore showing that the situation has changed and the masculinity now belongs to the doctor not the male character. A pan is used to show what the girl character is looking at in the beginning of the clip. This shows that she is feminine because during this shot the viewers can tell that she cares about the characters shown in the pan. At the end of the clip there is a tracking shot that follows the doctor as he gains his power back showing he is masculine and then a tilt shot of the male character follows after the tracking to symbolize the doctor getting higher and higher. 

Overall the representation of gender is shown through masculine,dominate, feminine, subordinate characters with the use of editing, mise-en scene, sound and camera work.    

sexuality

Discuss the ways in which the extract constructs the representation of Sexuality using the following: 

• Camera shots
•  Editing
•  Sound
•  Mise en scène

Firstly the representation of sexuality is shown through a medium close up. This shot allows the viewers to see the two women looking in the mirror as the women behind complements the other while she is trying on a dress. This could suggest that the women have a sexual feeling/attraction between one another and portrays them to have a cense of lesbian sexuality because when the women is complementing the other women her tone of voice makes her sound very passionate about what she is saying. The cense that the women is a lesbian is also shown through the women's facial expressions in the medium close up because she looks slightly scared when she is complementing the women as if she doesn't want her to find out her sexuality.

Following this there is a zoom shot showing the women character watching the lady sleeping. During  this you see that the women has an urge to touch the ladies body, however she is preventing herself. This shows her to have the sexuality of a lesbian but as she is portrayed to hide her sexuality throughout the clip, it suggests that it is not acceptable to be attracted to the same sex. 

There is also a close up used of the women who is painting the lady. During this shot you see that the women is distracted by the lady as she is shown to be daydreaming. In this shot you also see the women's paint dripping on her clothes and a shot reverse shot is used to show the audience what specific parts of the body the women is looking at(breasts & vagina) as she is looking at these certain body parts it shows her sexuality to be portrayed as a lesbian. 

After this a long shot is used showing the man character to be very angry that the women is showing an attraction to the lady and not him. He is portrayed to have a heterosexual sexuality as he is shown to be very against the women looking at the other lady. 

The sounds used throughout the clip to show the representation of sexuality are either diegetic, non-diegetic, synchronous or asynchronous. There is a diegetic voice over at the start of the clip which shows the women's sexuality of a lesbian due to her expressing how beautiful she thinks the other women looks. There is also a non diegetic sound of the birds, this is used to portray a peaceful setting. 

Throughout the clip there are many cross dissolves used to allow the audience to see two shots at the same time. This therefore shows between the two shots. By using the cross dissolves it helps keep continuity. A number of eye line matches are also used throughout the clip. At the very beginning there is a eye line match between the two women as one character is trying on a dress. This shot allows the viewers to see the sexual tension between the two and portrays their sexuality to be lesbians. Another eye line match that was used to show sexuality was also between the two women when painting. During the eye line match it shows one of the women to be looking at the others breasts in a daze. Therefore this shows that the women's sexuality is lesbian. Shot reverse shot is used during a conversation between the male character and the women character. During the shot reverse shot the audience can see that the male character is heterosexual because he is disgusted when he sees the women looking at the other women in a sexual manor. Towards the end of the clip parallel editing is used when showing two events at the same time cutting from one to the other. One event is the conversation between the man and women characters and the other event is the other women walking towards them. The parallel editing being used in this way allows the audience to see the relevance between both events. 

The costume used in the clip shows that the clip is set in a different time period. It can also suggest that the women have the same sexuality as they are all wearing long dresses. The costume of the women could also suggest that the women are not prohibited to show there sexuality as there dresses cover their whole body and are not reveling at all. The costume worn by the male character portrays him to be a straight man as he is wearing a masculine suit. In some scenes the lighting is very dark, this could support the idea of the women not being able to express her feelings for another lady as it creates an emotional,scary  atmosphere. The male character is portrayed as a heterosexual this shows that he is against sexual attraction of the same sex. However because of the way he acts by making the women pretend to love him it could suggest that he is afraid of others finding out the women he's with is in love with a women. The setting of this clip shows that it is set in old fashion times, therefore being a lesbian or having feelings for a person of the same sex would not be accepted and therefore this could suggest that this is the reason why the women is hiding the way she feels. 

Overall the representation of sexuality is shown through camera shots, editing, sound and mise-en scene, this allows the viewers to see the two types of sexuality: Lesbian & heterosexual to be portrayed through the use fear and a secretive atmosphere.